The purpose of estrus control and progesterone measurement is to determine the optimal time for natural mating or artificial insemination. When the ovulation timing of the female dog is known, breeders are advised to schedule mating or insemination at an appropriate time.
Estrus monitoring usually begins on the seventh day of the estrus cycle. However, it is essential to remember that each dog's estrus cycle is individual; there are also females that exhibit very minimal discharge, making it challenging to confirm the onset of estrus.
In estrus control, the veterinarian assesses the external signs of estrus, such as the dog’s behavior, swelling of the vulva, and the condition of the vulva's mucous membrane. External signs, in conjunction with a vaginal smear sample and the progesterone level measured from a blood sample, are the best indicators of the estrus phase. Artificial insemination is generally scheduled when signs and progesterone levels suggest ovulation is imminent. It’s important to remember that, especially with first-time estrus cycles, there can be significant individual variation, making insemination best planned around a couple of days after ovulation or based on regular sample intervals. Relying solely on the duration of the proestrus phase in a female can be misleading, as it may last up to 21 days (average 9 days), particularly in certain breeds where the estrus progression may be slowed due to travel, sampling, or other early mating stresses.
Females may also present many structural abnormalities of the vulva that, in the worst cases, may pose a risk during natural mating, such as a deviated vaginal opening. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct a preliminary examination of the female's vaginal structure and condition before the first mating. If the structure is abnormal, there is a risk of injury, which can also be detected during artificial insemination.
Our clinic uses scientifically validated, laboratory-grade equipment for progesterone measurements (Siemens Immulite). This is not a simple, quick-test device. Progesterone is measured from a blood sample, and the result is available the same day. With fresh progesterone measurements, ovulation is usually confirmed within 2–3 days intervals. If you bring us a sample taken elsewhere, we can also measure it if you have the blood sample taken earlier in the morning, preferably fasting.
If scheduling allows, please visit our clinic before insemination so that we can jointly plan estrus monitoring. Our goal is to ensure that we time the entire mating process with the best possible result, ideally aligning appointments for the same time each morning for consistent readings.
Every progesterone measurement at our clinic includes a veterinary assessment and a recommendation on further estrus monitoring. The customer is personally called once the results are ready.
